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Country intelligence / Middle East & Africa

Saudi Arabia

Oil, petrochemicals and giga-projects. World Bank data, latest year available for each figure.

GDP
US$1.28 trillion2025
Real GDP growth
4.5%2025
Inflation
2.0%2025
FDI, net inflows
2.6% of GDP2025
Population
37.0 million2025
Access to electricity
100.0%2024

Real GDP growth

% change a year

Real GDP growth: 4.5% in 2025 -5.00.05.010.015.0 201020182025 2010: 5.0%2011: 11.8%2012: 5.8%2013: 3.0%2014: 4.0%2015: 4.7%2016: 1.7%2017: 1.2%2018: 3.2%2019: 1.6%2020: -3.8%2021: 6.5%2022: 12.0%2023: 0.5%2024: 2.6%2025: 4.5%

Inflation

Consumer prices, % a year

Inflation: 2.0% in 2025 -4.0-2.00.02.04.06.0 201020182025 2010: 5.3%2011: 5.8%2012: 2.9%2013: 3.1%2014: 1.8%2015: 1.2%2016: 2.9%2017: -0.9%2018: 2.5%2019: -2.0%2020: 3.2%2021: 3.1%2022: 2.5%2023: 2.5%2024: 1.5%2025: 2.0%

Foreign direct investment

Net inflows, % of GDP

FDI net inflows: 2.6% of GDP in 2025 0.01.02.03.04.0 201020182025 2010: 0.9% of GDP2011: 0.7% of GDP2012: 0.7% of GDP2013: 0.4% of GDP2014: 0.2% of GDP2015: 0.6% of GDP2016: 3.2% of GDP2017: 0.1% of GDP2018: 1.4% of GDP2019: 0.3% of GDP2020: 0.2% of GDP2021: 2.9% of GDP2022: 2.2% of GDP2023: 1.9% of GDP2024: 1.7% of GDP2025: 2.6% of GDP

Governance

World Bank governance scores, 0 to 100, latest year

  • Regulatory qualityHow well the government writes and applies rules that let private business develop67
  • Rule of lawConfidence that contracts are enforced, property is protected and courts work63
  • Control of corruptionHow far public power is kept from being used for private gain64
  • Government effectivenessQuality of public services and of policy implementation67
  • Political stabilityLikelihood of political instability or politically motivated violence66

What the numbers say

Each line is calculated from the published data above. The thresholds are explained in our editorial policy. This is not investment advice.

Strengths

  • Real GDP grew 5.2% a year on average in 2021–2025.
  • Consumer inflation was 2.0% in 2025.
  • Regulatory quality ranks in the 67th percentile worldwide (2025).
  • Government effectiveness ranks in the 67th percentile worldwide (2025).
  • Political stability ranks in the 66th percentile worldwide (2025).

Watch points

No indicator falls below our watch threshold.

Where demand comes from

  • Oil rents were 24% of GDP in 2021. Upstream services, midstream and gas use are core demand, and public revenue moves with the oil price.
  • Natural gas rents were 1.7% of GDP in 2021.
  • Renewables supplied 0.1% of final energy use in 2021, so there is room to add clean generation.

Resource and energy profile

  • Oil rents (2021)23.7%
  • Natural gas rents (2021)1.7%
  • Mineral rents (2021)0.2%
  • Renewables in final energy use (2021)0.1%

Rents are the value of production above extraction cost, as a share of GDP.

Saudi Arabia in the news

Saudi Arabia launches 1.9 GW PV tender

The Saudi government's National Renewable Energy Program (NREP) has launched its eighth round, seeking developers for 1.9 GW of solar capacity across two projects.

PV MagazineSaudi Arabia

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Saudi Arabia analyst dossier

For a specific project or tender in Saudi Arabia: the fiscal and regulatory regime that applies, the permitting path and its real timelines, CAPEX and OPEX benchmarks from comparable projects, the main buyers and counterparties, and a risk register with mitigants. Prepared to order.

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Compare with Middle East & Africa

All countries
GhanaGold, oil and power Real GDP growth, 2014–2025 6.0%growth 2025 14.2%inflation 2025 52regulatory score NigeriaOil, gas and distributed power Real GDP growth, 2014–2025 4.0%growth 2025 23.0%inflation 2025 44regulatory score South AfricaPlatinum, coal and power reform Real GDP growth, 2014–2025 1.1%growth 2025 3.2%inflation 2025 54regulatory score

Source: World Bank Data360 API: World Development Indicators (WB_WDI) and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WB_WGI, governance score 0-100). Governance scores use the World Bank's 0–100 scale. Downloaded 12 Nov 2026.